Clean and Unclean Animals

Leviticus 11

The Lord tells Moses and Aaron which land animals, water creatures, birds, and winged creeping things may be eaten and which are unclean, and gives rules for the uncleanness contracted by touching the carcasses of unclean creatures.

About these editions

The Septuagint (LXX) in Greek, with Charles Thomson’s 1808 and Sir Lancelot Brenton’s 1851 English translations, set beside the King James Version and the Jewish Masoretic text (JPS 1917) where they align, so you can compare the Greek and the Hebrew. All public domain; choose which to show with the controls above.

Thomson 1808Septuagint

Brenton 1851Septuagint

Greek · BrentonSeptuagint

KJV 1769Masoretic

JPS 1917Masoretic

ThomsonAGAIN the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying,

BrentonAnd the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying,

GreekΚαὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ Ἀαρὼν, λέγων,

KJVAnd the LORD spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying unto them,

JPSAnd the LORD spoke unto Moses and to Aaron, saying unto them:

ThomsonSpeak to the children of Israel, and say, Among all the beasts which are on the earth, these are the beasts which you may eat.

BrentonSpeak ye to the sons of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat of all beasts that are upon the earth.

Greekλαλήσατε τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραὴλ, λέγοντες, ταῦτα τὰ κτήνη, ἃ φάγεσθε ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν κτηνῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.

KJVSpeak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

JPSSpeak unto the children of Israel, saying: These are the living things which ye may eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

ThomsonEvery beast having a double hoof, its hoof parted into two distinct hoofs, and bringing up the cud, these among the beasts you may eat.

BrentonEvery beast parting the hoof and making divisions of two claws, and chewing the cud among beasts, these ye shall eat.

GreekΠᾶν κτῆνος διχηλοῦν ὁπλὴν καὶ ὀνυχιστῆρας ὀνυχίζον δύο χηλῶν, καὶ ἀνάγον μηρυκισμὸν ἐν τοῖς κτήνεσι, ταῦτα φάγεσθε.

KJVWhatsoever parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat.

JPSWhatsoever parteth the hoof, and is wholly cloven-footed, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that may ye eat.

ThomsonBut of these you shall not eat—of those which chew the cud, and of those which have parted hoofs—the camel, though it cheweth the cud; yet because it hath not a parted hoof, it is unclean to you,

BrentonBut of these ye shall not eat, of those that chew the cud, and of those that part the hoofs, and divide claws; the camel, because it chews the cud, but does not divide the hoof, this is unclean to you.

GreekΠλὴν ἀπὸ τούτων οὐ φάγεσθε, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀναγόντων μηρυκισμὸν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν διχηλούντων τὰς ὁπλὰς, καὶ ὀνυχιζόντων ὀνυχιστῆρας· τὸν κάμηλον, ὅτι ἀνάγει μηρυκισμὸν τοῦτο, ὁπλὴν δὲ οὐ διχηλεῖ, ἀκάθαρτον τοῦτο ὑμῖν.

KJVNevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: as the camel, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.

JPSNevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that only chew the cud, or of them that only part the hoof: the camel, because he cheweth the cud but parteth not the hoof, he is unclean unto you.

Thomsonthe rock badger, though it cheweth the cud, yet because it hath not a parted hoof, it is unclean to you;

BrentonAnd the rabbit, because it chews the cud, but does not divide the hoof, this is unclean to you.

GreekΚαὶ τὸν δασύποδα, ὅτι ἀνάγει μηρυκισμὸν τοῦτο, καὶ ὁπλὴν οὐ διχηλεῖ, ἀκάθαρτον τοῦτο ὑμῖν.

KJVAnd the coney, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.

JPSAnd the rock-badger, because he cheweth the cud but parteth not the hoof, he is unclean unto you.

Thomsonand the hare, though it cheweth the cud, yet because it hath not a parted hoof, it is unclean to you;

BrentonAnd the hare, because it does not chew the cud, and does not divide the hoof, this is unclean to you.

GreekΚαὶ τὸν χοιρογρύλλιον, ὅτι οὐκ ἀνάγει μηρυκισμὸν τοῦτο, καὶ ὁπλὴν οὐ διχηλεῖ, ἀκάθαρτον τοῦτο ὑμῖν.

KJVAnd the hare, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.

JPSAnd the hare, because she cheweth the cud but parteth not the hoof, she is unclean unto you.

Thomsonand the swine, though it hath a parted hoof, yet because it doth not chew the cud, it is unclean to you.

BrentonAnd the swine, because this animal divides the hoof, and makes claws of the hoof, and it does not chew the cud, is unclean to you.

GreekΚαὶ τὸν ὗν, ὅτι διχηλεῖ ὁπλὴν τοῦτο, καὶ ὀνυχίζει ὄνυχας ὁπλῆς, καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἀνάγει μηρυκισμὸν, ἀκάθαρτον τοῦτο ὑμῖν.

KJVAnd the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud; he is unclean to you.

JPSAnd the swine, because he parteth the hoof, and is cloven-footed, but cheweth not the cud, he is unclean unto you.

ThomsonOf the flesh of these you shall not eat; nor shall you touch their dead carcasses. They are unclean to you.

BrentonYe shall not eat of their flesh, and ye shall not touch their carcases; these are unclean to you.

GreekἈπὸ τῶν κρεῶν αὐτῶν οὐ φάγεσθε, καὶ τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν οὐχ ἅψεσθε· ἀκάθαρτα ταῦτα ὑμῖν.

KJVOf their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not touch; they are unclean to you.

JPSOf their flesh ye shall not eat, and their carcasses ye shall not touch; they are unclean unto you.

ThomsonAnd these are what you may eat of all that are in the waters: all that have fins and scales, in the waters or in the seas, or in the brooks, these you may eat;

BrentonAnd these are what ye shall eat of all that are in the waters: all things that have fins and scales in the waters, and in the seas, and in the brooks, these ye shall eat.

GreekΚαὶ ταῦτα, ἃ φάγεσθε ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι· πάντα ὅσα ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς πτερύγια καὶ λεπίδες ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι, καὶ ἐν ταῖς θαλάσσαις, καὶ ἐν τοῖς χειμάῤῥοις, ταῦτα φάγεσθε.

KJVThese shall ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall ye eat.

JPSThese may ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them may ye eat.

Thomsonbut all that have not fins and scales in the waters, and in the seas, and in the brooks, of all the multitudes which the waters produce, and of all the living creatures in the waters, are an abomination, and shall be an abomination to you.

BrentonAnd all things which have not fins or scales in the water, or in the seas, and in the brooks, of all which the waters produce, and of every soul living in the water, are an abomination; and they shall be abominations to you.

GreekΚαὶ πάντα ὅσα οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῖς πτερύγια, οὐδὲ λεπίδες ἐν τῷ ὕδατι, ἢ ἐν ταῖς θαλάσσαις, καὶ ἐν τοῖς χειμάῤῥοις, ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν ἐρεύγεται τὰ ὕδατα, καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ψυχῆς τῆς ζώσης ἐν τῷ ὕδατι, βδέλυγμά ἐστι, καὶ βδελύγματα ἔσονται ὑμῖν.

KJVAnd all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they shall be an abomination unto you:

JPSAnd all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that swarm in the waters, and of all the living creatures that are in the waters, they are a detestable thing unto you,

ThomsonOf their flesh you shall not eat; and their dead carcasses you shall abominate.

BrentonYe shall not eat of their flesh, and ye shall abhor their carcases.

GreekἈπὸ τῶν κρεῶν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔδεσθε, καὶ τὰ θνησιμαῖα αὐτῶν βδελύξεσθε.

KJVThey shall be even an abomination unto you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, but ye shall have their carcases in abomination.

JPSand they shall be a detestable thing unto you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, and their carcasses ye shall have in detestation.

ThomsonAll in the waters which have not fins and scales are an abomination to you.

BrentonAnd all things that have not fins or scales of those that are in the waters, these are an abomination to you.

GreekΚαὶ πάντα ὅσα οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῖς πτερύγια, οὐδὲ λεπίδες τῶν ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι, βδέλυγμα τοῦτό ἐστιν ὑμῖν.

KJVWhatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that shall be an abomination unto you.

JPSWhatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that is a detestable thing unto you.

ThomsonAnd among the birds, these are what you must abominate, and which shall not be eaten; they are an abomination: the eagle, and the osprey, and the sea-eagle,

BrentonAnd these are the things which ye shall abhor of birds, and they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle and the ossifrage, and the sea-eagle.

GreekΚαὶ ταῦτα, ἃ βδελύξεσθε ἀπὸ τῶν πετεινῶν, καὶ οὐ βρωθήσεται, βδέλυγμά ἐστι· τὸν ἀετὸν, καὶ τὸν γρύπα, καὶ τὸν ἁλιαίετον,

KJVAnd these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,

JPSAnd these ye shall have in detestation among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are a detestable thing: the great vulture, and the bearded vulture, and the ospray;

Thomson—

BrentonAnd the vulture, and the kite, and the like to it;

Greekκαὶ τὸν γύπα, καὶ τὸν ἴκτινον καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ.

KJVAnd the vulture, and the kite after his kind;

JPSand the kite, and the falcon after its kinds;

Thomson—

Brentonand the sparrow, and the owl, and the sea-mew, and the like to it:

GreekΚαὶ στρουθὸν, καὶ γλαῦκα, καὶ λάρον, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ·

KJV—

JPS—

Thomson—

Brentonand every raven, and the birds like it, and the hawk and his like,

GreekΚαὶ πάντα κόρακα, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ· καὶ ἱέρακα, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ·

KJV—

JPS—

Thomsonand the vulture, and the kite and all of its kind, and the ostrich, and the owl, and the gull and all of its kind, and crows of all sorts and their kind, and the hawk and all its kind, and the night raven, and the cormorant and the ibis, and the flamingo, and the pelican, and the swan, and the heron, and the plover and all of its kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

Brentonand the night-raven and the cormorant and the stork,

Greekκαὶ νυκτικόρακα, καὶ καταράκτην, καὶ ἴβιν,

KJV—

JPS—

Thomson—

Brentonand the red-bill, and pelican, and swan,

Greekκαὶ πορφυρίωνα, καὶ πελεκᾶνα, καὶ κύκνον,

KJVAnd the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle,

JPS—

Thomson—

Brentonand the heron, and the lapwing, and the like to it, and the hoopoe and the bat.

Greekκαὶ ἐρωδιὸν, καὶ χαράδριον, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ· καὶ ἔποπα, καὶ νυκτερίδα.

KJVAnd the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.

JPSand the stork, and the heron after its kinds, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

ThomsonAlso all the flying reptiles* which walk on four feet are abominations to you:

BrentonAnd all winged creatures that creep, which go upon four feet, are abominations to you.

GreekΚαὶ πάντα τὰ ἑρπετὰ τῶν πετεινῶν, ἃ πορεύεται ἐπὶ τέσσαρα, βδελύγματά ἐστιν ὑμῖν.

KJVAll fowls that creep, going upon all four, shall be an abomination unto you.

JPSAll winged swarming things that go upon all fours are a detestable thing unto you.

Thomsonbut of the winged reptiles which walk on four feet, you may eat those which have legs above their feet to hop with them on the ground.

BrentonBut these ye shall eat of the creeping winged animals, which go upon four feet, which have legs above their feet, to leap with on the earth.

GreekἈλλὰ ταῦτα φάγεσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν πετεινῶν, ἃ πορεύεται ἐπὶ τέσσαρα, ἃ ἔχει σκέλη ἀνώτερον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ, πηδᾷν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.

KJVYet these may ye eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth;

JPSYet these may ye eat of all winged swarming things that go upon all fours, which have jointed legs above their feet, wherewith to leap upon the earth;

ThomsonThese of them in particular you may eat: the palmer worm and its species, and the attacus and all its species, and the serpent-fighter and all its species, and the grasshopper and all its species.

BrentonAnd these of them ye shall eat: the caterpillar and his like, and the attacus and his like, and the cantharus and his like, and the locust and his like.

GreekΚαὶ ταῦτα φάγεσθε ἀπʼ αὐτῶν· τὸν βροῦχον, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ· καὶ τὸν ἀττάκην, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ· καὶ ὀφιομάχην, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ· καὶ τὴν ἀκρίδα, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῇ·

KJVEven these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind.

JPSeven these of them ye may eat: the locust after its kinds, and the bald locust after its kinds, and the cricket after its kinds, and the grasshopper after its kinds.

ThomsonEvery flying reptile which hath four feet is an abomination to you. With them you must not defile yourselves.

BrentonEvery creeping thing from among the birds, which has four feet, is an abomination to you.

GreekΠᾶν ἑρπετὸν ἀπὸ τῶν πετεινῶν, οἷς εἰσι τέσσαρες πόδες, βδελύγματά ἐστιν ὑμῖν,

KJVBut all other flying creeping things, which have four feet, shall be an abomination unto you.

JPSBut all winged swarming things, which have four feet, are a detestable thing unto you.

Thomson—

BrentonAnd by these ye shall be defiled; every one that touches their carcases shall be unclean till the evening.

Greekκαὶ ἐν τούτοις μιανθήσεσθε· πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν, ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.

KJV—

JPS—

ThomsonWhosoever toucheth their dead carcasses shall be unclean until the evening. And whoever carrieth any of their carcasses shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening.

BrentonAnd every one that takes of their dead bodies shall wash his garments, and shall be unclean till the evening.

GreekΚαὶ πᾶς ὁ αἴρων τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν, πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.

KJV—

JPS—

ThomsonAnd among all the beasts whatever hath a hoof parted in two—a hoof divided into two hoofs, but cheweth not the cud, shall be unclean to you. And whoever toucheth their carcasses shall be unclean until evening.

BrentonAnd whichever among the beasts divides the hoof and makes claws, and does not chew the cud, shall be unclean to you; every one that touches their dead bodies shall be unclean till evening.

GreekΚαὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς κτήνεσιν ὅ ἐστι διχηλοῦν ὁπλὴν, καὶ ὀνυχιστῆρας ὀνυχίζει, καὶ μηρυκισμὸν οὐ μηρυκᾶται, ἀκάθαρτα ἔσονται ὑμῖν· πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν, ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.

KJVThe carcases of every beast which divideth the hoof, and is not clovenfooted, nor cheweth the cud, are unclean unto you: every one that toucheth them shall be unclean.

JPSEvery beast which parteth the hoof, but is not cloven footed, nor cheweth the cud, is unclean unto you; every one that to toucheth them shall be unclean.

ThomsonAnd every beast which walketh on paws among all the beasts which walk on four feet, is unclean to you.

BrentonAnd every one among all the wild beasts that moves upon its fore feet, which goes on all four, is unclean to you; every one that touches their dead bodies shall be unclean till evening.

GreekΚαὶ πᾶς ὃς πορεύεται ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς θηρίοις, ἃ πορεύεται ἐπὶ τέσσαρα, ἀκάθαρτά ἐστιν ὑμῖν· πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν, ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.

KJVAnd whatsoever goeth upon his paws, among all manner of beasts that go on all four, those are unclean unto you: whoso toucheth their carcase shall be unclean until the even.

JPSAnd whatsoever goeth upon its paws, among all beasts that go on all fours, they are unclean unto you; whoso toucheth their carcass shall be unclean until the even.

ThomsonWhoever toucheth their carcasses shall be unclean until the evening. And he who carrieth any of their carcasses shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening. These are unclean to you.

BrentonAnd he that takes of their dead bodies shall wash his garments, and shall be unclean till evening: these are unclean to you.

GreekΚαὶ ὁ αἴρων τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν, πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας· ἀκάθαρτα ταῦτά ἔστιν ὑμῖν.

KJVAnd he that beareth the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: they are unclean unto you.

JPSAnd he that beareth the carcass of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even; they are unclean unto you.

ThomsonAnd of the reptiles which are on the earth, these are unclean to you—the weasel, and the mouse,

BrentonAnd these are unclean to you of reptiles upon the earth, the weasel, and the mouse, and the lizard,

GreekΚαὶ ταῦτα ὑμῖν ἀκάθαρτα ἀπὸ τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· ἡ γαλὴ, καὶ ὁ μῦς, καὶ ὁ κροκόδειλος ὁ χερσαῖος,

KJVThese also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,

JPSAnd these are they which are unclean unto you among the swarming things that swarm upon the earth: the weasel, and the mouse, and the great lizard after its kinds,

Thomson—

Brentonthe ferret, and the chameleon, and the evet, and the newt, and the mole.

Greekμυγάλη, καὶ χαμαιλέων, καὶ χαλαβώτης, καὶ σαῦρα, καὶ ἀσπάλαξ.

KJVAnd the ferret, and the chameleon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the mole.

JPS—

ThomsonThese are unclean to you above all the reptiles which are on the earth. Whoever toucheth them when dead, shall be unclean until the evening.

BrentonThese are unclean to you of all the reptiles which are on the earth; every one who touches their carcases shall be unclean till evening.

GreekΤαῦτα ἀκάθαρτα ὑμῖν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος αὐτῶν τεθνηκότων, ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.

KJVThese are unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even.

JPSThese are they which are unclean to you among all that swarm; whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even.

ThomsonAnd upon whatsoever any of them, when dead, shall fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be a vessel of wood, or a garment, or a sack, every utensil in which any work is done shall be plunged in water, and shall be unclean until evening. Then it shall be clean.

BrentonAnd on whatsoever one of their dead bodies shall fall it shall be unclean; whatever wooden vessel, or garment, or skin, or sack it may be, every vessel in which work should be done, shall be dipped in water, and shall be unclean till evening; and then it shall be clean.

GreekΚαὶ πᾶν ἐφʼ ὃ ἂν ἐπιπέσῃ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἐπʼ αὐτὸ τεθνηκότων αὐτῶν, ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται ἀπὸ παντὸς σκεύους ξυλίνου ἢ ἱματίου ἢ δέρματος ἢ σάκκου· πᾶν σκεῦος ὃ ἂν ποιηθῇ ἔργον ἐν αὐτῷ, εἰς ὕδωρ βαφήσεται, καὶ ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας· καὶ καθαρὸν ἔσται.

KJVAnd upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherein any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; so it shall be cleansed.

JPSAnd upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherewith any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; then shall it be clean.

ThomsonAnd if any of them fall into a vessel made of clay, all that is in it shall be unclean, and it shall be broken;

BrentonAnd every earthen vessel into which one of these things shall fall, whatsoever is inside it, shall be unclean, and it shall be broken.

GreekΚαὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ὀστράκινον εἰς ὃ ἐὰν πέσῃ ἀπὸ τούτων ἔνδον, ὅσα ἐὰν ἔνδον ᾖ, ἀκάθαρτα ἔσται, καὶ αὐτὸ συντριβήσεται.

KJVAnd every earthen vessel, whereinto any of them falleth, whatsoever is in it shall be unclean; and ye shall break it.

JPSAnd every earthen vessel whereinto any of them falleth, whatsoever is in it shall be unclean, and it ye shall break.

Thomsonand every kind of meat which is eatable, upon which water out of it shall come, shall be unclean; and every kind of drink which may be drunk in every such earthen vessel shall be unclean.

BrentonAnd all food that is eaten, on which water shall come from such a vessel, shall be unclean; and every beverage which is drunk in any such vessel, shall be unclean.

GreekΚαὶ πᾶν βρῶμα, ὃ ἔσθεται, εἰς ὃ ἂν ἐπέλθῃ ἐπʼ αὐτὸ ὕδωρ, ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται· καὶ πᾶν ποτὸν, ὃ πίνεται ἐν παντὶ ἀγγείῳ, ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται.

KJVOf all meat which may be eaten, that on which such water cometh shall be unclean: and all drink that may be drunk in every such vessel shall be unclean.

JPSAll food therein which may be eaten, that on which water cometh, shall be unclean; and all drink in every such vessel that may be drunk shall be unclean.

ThomsonAnd everything upon which any of their dead carcasses may fall shall be unclean. Ovens, and stands for pots, shall be broken down: they are unclean, and shall be unclean to you.

BrentonAnd every thing on which there shall fall of their dead bodies shall be unclean; ovens and stands for jars shall be broken down: these are unclean, and they shall be unclean to you.

GreekΚαὶ πᾶν ὃ ἐὰν ἐπιπέσῃ ἀπὸ τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἐπʼ αὐτό, ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται· κλίβανοι καὶ χυτρόποδες καθαιρεθήσονται· ἀκάθαρτα ταῦτά ἐστι, καὶ ἀκάθαρτα ταῦτα ὑμῖν ἔσονται.

KJVAnd every thing whereupon any part of their carcase falleth shall be unclean; whether it be oven, or ranges for pots, they shall be broken down: for they are unclean, and shall be unclean unto you.

JPSAnd every thing whereupon any part of their carcass falleth shall be unclean; whether oven, or range for pots, it shall be broken in pieces; they are unclean, and shall be unclean unto you.

ThomsonBut fountains of water, and a lake, or collection of water, shall be clean. And he who toucheth their carcasses shall be unclean.

BrentonOnly if the water be of fountains of water, or a pool, or confluence of water, it shall be clean; but he that touches their carcases shall be unclean.

GreekΠλὴν πηγῶν ὑδάτων καὶ λάκκου καὶ συναγωγῆς ὕδατος, ἔσται καθαρόν· ὁ δὲ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν, ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται.

KJVNevertheless a fountain or pit, wherein there is plenty of water, shall be clean: but that which toucheth their carcase shall be unclean.

JPSNevertheless a fountain or a cistern wherein is a gathering of water shall be clean; but he who toucheth their carcass shall be unclean.

ThomsonIf any of their carcasses fall on seed which is to be sown it shall be clean.

BrentonAnd if one of their carcases should fall upon any sowing seed which shall be sown, it shall be clean.

GreekἘὰν δὲ ἐπιπέσῃ ἀπὸ τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πᾶν σπέρμα σπόριμον, ὃ σπαρήσεται, καθαρὸν ἔσται.

KJVAnd if any part of their carcase fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it shall be clean.

JPSAnd if aught of their carcass fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it is clean.

ThomsonBut if water hath been poured on any kind of grain, and any of their carcasses fall upon it, it shall be unclean to you.

BrentonBut if water be poured on any seed, and one of their dead bodies fall upon it, it is unclean to you.

GreekἘὰν δὲ ἐπιχυθῇ ὕδωρ ἐπὶ πᾶν σπέρμα, καὶ ἐπιπέσῃ τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἐπʼ αὐτό, ἀκάθαρτόν ἐστιν ὑμῖν.

KJVBut if any water be put upon the seed, and any part of their carcase fall thereon, it shall be unclean unto you.

JPSBut if water be put upon the seed, and aught of their carcass fall thereon, it is unclean unto you.

ThomsonNow if any of those beasts which you may lawfully eat should happen to die, he who toucheth their dead carcasses shall be unclean until evening.

BrentonAnd if one of the cattle die, which it is lawful for you to eat, he that touches their carcases shall be unclean till evening.

GreekἘὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ τῶν κτηνῶν, ὅ ἐστιν ὑμῖν φαγεῖν τοῦτο, ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν, ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας·

KJVAnd if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the carcase thereof shall be unclean until the even.

JPSAnd if any beast, of which ye may eat, die, he that toucheth the carcass thereof shall be unclean until the even.

ThomsonAnd he who eateth of their carcasses shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening. And he who carrieth any of their carcasses shall wash his clothes, and wash himself with water, and be unclean until evening.

BrentonAnd he that eats of their carcases shall wash his garments, and be unclean till evening; and he that carries any of their carcases shall wash his garments, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean till evening.

Greekκαὶ ὁ ἐσθίων ἀπὸ τῶν θνησιμαίων τούτων, πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια, καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας· καὶ ὁ αἴρων ἀπὸ θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν, πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια, καὶ λούσεται ὕδατι, καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας.

KJV—

JPS—

ThomsonMoreover every creeping thing which creepeth on the earth shall be an abomination to you. It shall not be eaten.

BrentonAnd every reptile that creeps on the earth, this shall be an abomination to you; it shall not be eaten.

GreekΚαὶ πᾶν ἑρπετὸν, ὃ ἕρπει ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, βδέλυγμα ἔσται τοῦτο ὑμῖν· οὐ βρωθήσεται.

KJVAnd every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth shall be an abomination; it shall not be eaten.

JPSAnd every swarming thing that swarmeth upon the earth is a detestable thing; it shall not be eaten.

ThomsonWhether it runneth on its belly, or goeth continually on four, whatever among the reptiles, which creep on the earth, hath many feet, this you shall not eat; for it is an abomination to you;

BrentonAnd every animal that creeps on its belly, and every one that goes on four feet continually, which abounds with feet among all the reptiles creeping upon the earth—ye shall not eat it, for it is an abomination to you.

GreekΚαὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ κοιλίας, καὶ πᾶς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐπὶ τέσσαρα διαπαντός, ὃ πολυπληθεῖ ποσὶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τοῖς ἕρπουσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, οὐ φάγεσθε αὐτὸ, ὅτι βδέλυγμα ὑμῖν ἐστι.

KJVWhatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination.

JPSWhatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all fours, or whatsoever hath many feet, even all swarming things that swarm upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are a detestable thing.

Thomsonand you should not pollute yourselves with any of the reptiles which creep on the earth. You indeed are not to pollute yourselves with them, nor be made unclean by them.

BrentonAnd ye shall not defile your souls with any of the reptiles that creep upon the earth, and ye shall not be polluted with them, and ye shall not be unclean by them.

GreekΚαὶ οὐ μὴ βδελύξητε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τοῖς ἕρπουσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ οὐ μιανθήσεσθε ἐν τούτοις, καὶ οὐκ ἀκάθαρτοι ἔσεσθε ἐν αὐτοῖς,

KJV—

JPS—

ThomsonBecause I am the Lord your God, therefore you must hallow yourselves, and be holy, because I the Lord your God am holy. And you must not defile yourselves with any of the reptiles, which creep on the earth,

BrentonFor I am the Lord your God; and ye shall be sanctified, and ye shall be holy, because I the Lord your God am holy; and ye shall not defile your souls with any of the reptiles creeping upon the earth.

Greekὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν· καὶ ἁγιασθήσεσθε, καὶ ἅγιοι ἔσεσθε, ὅτι ἅγιός εἰμι ἐγὼ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῶν· καὶ οὐ μιανεῖτε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τοῖς κινουμένοις ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς,

KJVFor I am the LORD your God: ye shall therefore sanctify yourselves, and ye shall be holy; for I am holy: neither shall ye defile yourselves with any manner of creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.

JPSFor I am the LORD your God; sanctify yourselves therefore, and be ye holy; for I am holy; neither shall ye defile yourselves with any manner of swarming thing that moveth upon the earth.

Thomsonbecause I am the Lord who brought you up out of Egypt, to be your God. You shall therefore be holy, because I, the Lord am holy.

BrentonFor I am the Lord who brought you up out of the land of Egypt to be your God; and ye shall be holy, for I the Lord am holy.

Greekὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ὑμᾶς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου εἶναι ὑμῶν Θεός· καὶ ἔσεσθε ἅγιοι, ὅτι ἅγιός εἰμι ἐγὼ Κύριος.

KJVFor I am the LORD that bringeth you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: ye shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.

JPSFor I am the LORD that brought you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God; ye shall therefore be holy, for I am holy. .

ThomsonThis is the law respecting beasts, and fowls, and every living creature which moveth in the water, and every living creature which creepeth on the earth,

BrentonThis is the law concerning beasts and birds and every living creature moving in the water, and every living creature creeping on the earth;

GreekΟὗτος ὁ νόμος περὶ τῶν κτηνῶν καὶ τῶν πετεινῶν καὶ πάσης ψυχῆς τῆς κινουμένης ἐν τῷ ὕδατι, καὶ πάσης ψυχῆς ἑρπούσης ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς,

KJVThis is the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth:

JPSThis is the law of the beast, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that swarmeth upon the earth;

Thomsonto distinguish between the unclean and the clean, and between the viviparous animals which may be eaten, and the viviparous which are not to be eaten.

Brentonto distinguish between the unclean and the clean; and between those that bring forth alive, such as should be eaten, and those that bring forth alive, such as should not be eaten.

Greekδιαστεῖλαι ἀναμέσον τῶν ἀκαθάρτων καὶ ἀναμέσον τῶν καθαρῶν, καὶ ἀναμέσον τῶν ζωογονούντων τὰ ἐσθιόμενα καὶ ἀναμέσον τῶν ζωογονούντων τὰ μὴ ἐσθιόμενα.

KJVTo make a difference between the unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.

JPSto make a difference between the unclean and the clean, and between the living thing that may be eaten and the living thing that may not be eaten.